Imagery and Themes in the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay -- Epic Gilgamesh es

Recorded Context - Imagery and Themes Rosenberg takes note of that Gilgamesh is most likely the world's first human saint in writing (27). The Epic of Gilgamesh depends on the life of a most likely genuine Sumerian ruler named Gilgamesh, who managed around 2600 B.C.E. We learned of the Gilgamesh fantasy when a few earth tablets written in cuneiform were found start in 1845 during the exhuming of Nineveh (26). We get our most complete variant of Gilgamesh from the hands of an Akkadian cleric, Sin-liqui-unninni. It is obscure the amount of the story is the development of Sin-liqui-unninni, and what amount is the first story. The flood story, which shows up in the Sin-liqui-unninni variant, is most likely dependent on a real flood that happened in Mesopotamia around 2900 B.C.E. (26). The Sumerian culture impacted the whole Near East (Swisher 13). The accomplishment of their way of life was reliant on the rural reasonability of the zone. Consistently there were floods which gave rich sediment to fruitful cultivating that urged the individuals to remain in a similar territory a seemingly endless amount of time after year as opposed to moving to discover new zones for crops (19). There are signs that the Sumerians were made out of two unique people groups which blended in a similar region. The Semites are accepted to have blended in with the Highlanders. The Semites were man centric trackers and more warlike than the Highlanders. The Highlanders were matriarchal and quiet. Swisher recommends that there is proof of both social gatherings and that the blend of the two prompted changes in the impression of the jobs of the divine beings and goddess just as the people (21). Sumer was initially little gatherings of individuals that inevitably developed to frame urban areas. As a nation it included 13 ... ...der to get endless life. The obvious faith in a the great beyond which is shown by the entombment with valuable articles may show that unceasing life is accomplished after physical demise. The Flood - related by Utanapishtim is illustrative of the purging of human life by the divine beings. Their offenses are cleared away (with the vast majority of the populace) and they are reawakened into a new, new world and relationship with the divine beings. Ark - the image of the divine beings' adoration for the people and their enthusiasm for safeguarding humankind. We likewise distinguished five topics in the Epic of Gilgamesh: Conflict among disarray and request, spoke to essentially and human advancement; Man's journey for interminability and information; Dealing with misfortune; Male holding/fraternity; Heroism (man's triumph over nature).

Language Related Tasks free essay sample

We can put off dozing for a limilted period. Which means To choose or mastermind to defer an occasion or movement until a later date or time * Concept questions: Do we need to do this now? No Will we defer this until the not too distant future? Indeed Will we complete it sooner or later? Truly Other models: A businessperson who puts off a gathering or a significant choice, understudies who put off doing their assignments, a drew in couple who puts off their wedding. Expansion: A connected with couple may put off their wedding on the off chance that they don’t have enough cash set aside to pay for it. Understudies may postpone getting their work done until it’s past the point of no return. Structure Put off (verb+ modifier) is a transitive phrasal action word. Put off is regularly trailed by an article. In the model over the article is resting (verb+ing structure, going about as a thing) Put off is additionally distinct, I. We will compose a custom exposition test on Language Related Tasks or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page e. you can isolate the action word part from the verb modifier. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you change the immediate item to a pronoun, I. e. , it, it at that point gets indistinguishable (see models underneath) We can procrastinate for a constrained period. v We can put off it for a constrained period. X Pronunciation We can put off resting for a restricted period p? There is one syllable in each piece of the action word express. The primary pressure is put on the principal syllable. The underscore speaks to a connection between the two words I. e. , there is no interference of wind stream between them. Appropriacy Put off is genuinely unbiased in appropriacy. There are other increasingly formal words which might be utilized, for example, defer or delay. These might be utilized in such settings as a letter with respect to an adjustment in timetable of a dental arrangement. Foreseen issues or arrangements: 1. Issue: Ss may befuddle the significance of to put off , I. e. elay, delay), with another importance, for example, to dishearten. Ss will along these lines be mistaken for the idea of the entire sentence. Arrangement: Use the CQs above to show that in this specific circumstance, to put off intends to postpone as opposed to hinder somebody from something. Evoke instances of different settings as in the models in the segment on significance. Iss ue: Ss may confound the spelling of off with of. Arrangement: Elicit the right spelling utilizing models, for example, a bit of cake and now and again. Issue: Ss may articulate the phasal action word as two separate words delivering a plosive sound between the two syllables. Arrangement: Drill the two words independently and afterward together so ss can distinguish the distinction in wind stream. (/p? t//? f/and/p? t? f/) *Cambridge Dictionaries Online Lexis 2 †¦the horrendous manifestations we endure Meaning Signs or signs of a confusion or illness, which are not satisfying. Idea Questions: Do we feel well? No Are there any signs to reveal to us that we feel unwell? Indeed What sort of signs do we have? Sore eyes, migraine and so forth. Is our condition dangerous? No Will the conditions likely leave? Indeed Form Unpleasant (descriptor) indications (thing, plural) N. B. The word lovely can be framed by basically expelling the negative prefix un-. Articulation †¦the disagreeable indications we endure/? nplez? nt s? mpt? mz/There are 5 syllables inside the expression. The fundamental anxieties happen on the second syllable of disagreeable and the main syllable of manifestations. The schwa sound present in/? nplez? nt/interfaces the second and third syllable practically combining the two. (/? nplez? nt/) Anticipated issues and arrangements Problems: Ss may articulate/? nplez? nt/as/? npli:z? nt/since they are mistaking it for the action word, to please. Arrangement: Model and drill the sound plez/trailed by the entire word/? nplez? nt/. Give different instances of lexis with a similar spelling and articulation e. g. , joy, worker , and so forth. Issues: The sound/mpt/may end up being hard for ss to articulate. Arrangement: Drill the way to express the individual letters m,p ,t. Drill the sound/mpt/at that point at last the entire word. Down to ear th English Usage New Edition by Michael Swan. Punctuation 1 †¦everything that has transpired during the day. Which means (Of an occasion so as) to come to fruition or has occurred; has happened. Idea questions: Did this happen previously? Indeed Do we know precisely when this occurred? No Is this despite everything occurring now? No Are we considering the past and the present or both? Both Other models: Many things have occurred since you left. What has befallen our economy? [pic] Form Has happened is the current impeccable of the action word to occur (has/have + past participle) Has is the assistant action word, to have and is utilized for the third individual conjugation (he/she/it) Pronunciation †¦everything that has transpired during the day. /h? z h? p? nd/There are three syllables inside the action word design. The principle stress lies on the primary syllable of occurred. There is no additional weight on the ‘pp’ in occurred. Foreseen issues and arrangements Problem: Ss may not comprehend the distinction in importance between the current great (has occurred) and the straightforward great (occurred). Arrangement: Use CQs to help clarify that you can't utilize the current impeccable to allude to a specific point in time not at all like the current basic, (show this on the course of events) Provide e. g: my feline has passed on and my feline kicked the bucket on the 30th June 2012. Issue: Ss may discard has and just use happened imagining this is worthy. Arrangement: Elicit from understudies whether we have to include or discard the assistant action word to in various sentences. Issue: Ss may misrepresent the way to express the/p/sound in happened in light of the fact that it contains a twofold ‘p’. Arrangement: Separate the two syllables of occurred as/h? p/and/? nd/. Drill independently then drill characteristic model. Collins English Dictionary Third Edition Grammar 2 †¦but at some point or another we will be snoozing. Communicating a forecast about being in a condition of rest later on Concept Questions: Are we sleeping at this point? No Will we be snoozing later on? Truly Be that as it may, do we know for sure that we will be dozing later on? No Form †¦but at some point or another we will be sleeping. (future assistant verb+ infinitive without to + descriptive word) N. B. The future assistant will can be utilized to supplant will. The subject pronoun, we can converge with assistant action word will to shape we’ll,/wi? l/Pronunciation/w? l bi: ? sli:p/(elective,/? sli:p/) will be sleeping Of the 4 syllables present the pressure is put for the most part on the second and the last. Foreseen issues and arrangements Problem: Ss may confound the descriptor snoozing with the thing (or action word), rest.

The Psychology of Anorexia Nervosa free essay sample

This paper gives a top to bottom glance at the ailment anorexia nervosa, and the brain research behind the condition. This paper talks about the condition that plagues a great many individuals every year, anorexia nervosa. The creator inspects which populaces as often as possible arrangement with the sickness, the side effects, the dangers, and hospitalization and recovery. The paper takes a gander at the brain research behind this multiple occasions lethal dietary problem. From the Paper: American culture ladies are given the message beginning from a youthful age that so as to be effective and glad, they should be flimsy. Dietary problems are on the ascent; its not astounding given the worth which society puts on being meager. TV and magazine promoting show the picture of exciting and slim models are all over the place. A large number of high school young ladies are starving themselves every day with an end goal to accomplish what the design business considers to be the perfect figure. A normal female model weighs 23% not exactly the suggested weight for a lady. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Psychology of Anorexia Nervosa or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Keeping up a weight 20% underneath your normal body weight fits the measures for the passionate dietary problem known as anorexia.

Disseminating Evidence free essay sample

The term scattering implies a lot of sorted out activities intended to advance and engage consolidation and utilization of approved methodologies (Maibach et al. , 2006). Spread is the way toward making the results and expectations of a venture accessible to the partners and to the more extensive crowd (EAHC, n. d. ). The scattering of the outcomes is significant in keeping up the training and the result for fitting DC rehearses in NICU. The consequences of the undertaking result will be dispersed to the key partners. The reason for scattering the aftereffects of task to key partners is to educate venture advancement, to get input and to guarantee that the training and the result will be kept up after the usage of the undertaking. The partners for this undertaking are, the CEO of the medical clinic, Director of Nursing for Maternal and Child Health, Director of Pediatrics, Nurse Educators, NICU Nurse Manager, NICU staff, Director of research division, Director of exercise based recuperation and EBP council. We will compose a custom exposition test on Scattering Evidence or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The undertaking and its outcomes will be introduced through news announcements, messages just as workforce conferences. Orchestrating meetings or workshops, on the task can guarantee that the undertaking has a prominent, that the members gain from its accomplishments, and that the yields are installed and taken up (EAHC, n. d. ). Gatherings or workshops likewise offer the preferred position that correspondence can go in the two bearings: individuals from the NICU people group can be welcome to contribute thoughts and conceptualize about approaches to utilize the venture results (EAHC, n. d. ). Welcoming different NIUs in the network to take an interest in the orchestrated gathering will permit scattering criticalness of task results to more prominent nursing network. End Dissemination is vital for inspire, and elevate is basic for the triumph of the undertaking and for the determination of the result for an all-inclusive period (EAHC, n. d. ). The reports can be conveyed to the partners and to a more extensive network by various strategies.

Philosophical and Sociological aspects of crime and punishment Term Paper

Philosophical and Sociological parts of wrongdoing and discipline - Term Paper Example gy on wrongdoing contends that neither a state nor a general public can exist without guidelines as he states, without law there comes up short on a state or a general public. For this situation, the law frames a basic establishment to a general public and subsequently implementing a law implies the insurance of the general public. Any person who disregards the law will in general lose the privilege of being an individual from the general public and is against social request, and as are result must be rebuffed (Murphy, 1994). The philosophical reflection on discipline helps criminologists, sociologists, and penologist to recognize the rehabilitative impacts of projects common in jails. Kant offers significant information according to the domain of discipline and wrongdoing. As indicated by the advocate, discipline is approved if the criminal has carried out a wrongdoing. Numerous speculations differentiate this contention, for example, and the Utilitarian methodology exhibits that discipline is vindicated by the great it brings to the network. In Kant’s see, the utilitarian hypothesis is unrealistic in different manners. He accepts that the hypothesis regards guilty parties as intends to the benefit of other people and that the hypothesis may rebuff honest lives because of the great it goes to the general public. To Kant, this is a kind of unfairness, and in reference to his contention, he states how much the wrongdoers ought to be rebuffed. The offense carried out by the wrongdoer should rise to t he discipline given to the crook (Murphy, 1994). Kant’s retributive hypothesis related with discipline attests that revenge isn't legitimized by any great result, yet by the offender’s blame. Guilty parties must compensation for their crimes; in any case injustice as happened. Subsequently, the discipline given to the wrongdoer must fit the wrongdoing submitted and in this manner the discipline for ending the life of another individual is proportional to the demise of the killer (Ripstein, 2009). Subsequently, discipline must be directed consistently in light of the fact that an individual has perpetrated a wrongdoing. As indicated by Kant

Best Books of 2011 The Buffet

Best Books of 2011 The Buffet I once heard that there are only two real aphrodisiacs: variety and exercise. Variety to, you know, keep it exciting, and exercise for the endorphins and “use it or lose it” factor. Because books are the lens through which I interpret my world, I have, of course, tested this hypothesis in my reading life. And it totally works! It takes a mix of genres, formats, and writing styles to keep me interested, and I need to make reading time a regular part of my day so I don’t feel mentally out of shape. Eclecticism is what makes my reading life spicy, so here’s a buffet of my Best of 2011 reads. For a Good Time Call: Moondogs by Alexander Yates In the alternate universe of my dreams, drunken revelers scrawl book recommendations on bathroom stalls before stumbling home after last call to curl up with well-loved tomes. And in that alternate universe, whole walls are devoted to Alexander Yates and his Filipino crimefighters with magical powers. A total riot (see what I did there?) from the first word to the last, Moondogs is hands-down the most fun I had reading this year. If that’s not enough for you: one of the villains is an evil rooster. A rooster! So. Awesome. Now if Doubleday would just change the last 9 digits of the ISBN to 867-5309. Let’s Talk About Sex: The Mistress Contract by She and He Provocative in both concept and execution, this anonymously-penned memoir begins with an agreement between lovers in which She states that she will be his “sexual property,” performing sexual services and light housekeeping, while He will provide a separate home for her and cover her expenses and spending money. The text of the book comes from transcripts of conversations the couplewho are still together and in their 70s todayhad over the next twenty years. They discuss philosophy, gender politics, feminism, and the sexual revolution. They explore the power dynamics of their relationship and wonder aloud if what they are doing is somehow new or really the oldest trick in the book. It’s fascinating, challenging stuff that begs to be discussed (which is why I haven’t shut up about this book since May), and it’s about way more than the sex. Joni  Rodgers said it much better than I could: it’s “the Foucault, not the f#@king.” The Story Behind the Story: What It Is Like To Go To War by Karl Marlantes Yep, we just went from sex to war. I told you this was going to be eclectic! Last year, Karl Marlantes stole my heart and then broke it into a thousand little pieces with Matterhorn. This year, he reveals the intimate details of the real-life moments he fictionalized for Matterhorn and deploys them in support of his call for a paradigm shift in how we prepare soldiers for combat. A former Rhodes Scholar, Marlantes draws from his readings in philosophy, psychology, history and mythology to suggest changes to our concept of warfare and improvements to the support we provide for soldiers. He presents his case with startling candor and pulls it off without being pedantic or overtly political. This is a book about preserving humanity, and if there were such a thing as the “Required Reading for Life” list, I’d put it in a top spot. Write Like a Girl: State of Wonder by Ann Patchett Is this book overexposed? Maybe. But the attention is well-deserved. This was my first experience reading Patchett, and HOLY WOWZA, the lady can write! State of Wonder came out just as V.S. Naipul spouted his latest sexist  tirade  about  female  writers, and I like to think Ann Patchett mailed him a copy of State of Wonder with a very delicately addressed note reading simply: “BOOYAH.” By now you undoubtedly know what it’s about (woman-centric contemporary pseudo-reworking of Heart of Darkness in the Amazon), so what are you waiting for? No, Really, Let’s Talk About Sex: Sugar In My Bowl edited by Erica Jong This collection of essays and short fiction by contemporary female writers is not your mother’s book about S-E-X. Running the gamut from prudish to downright erotic, it inspires laughter and tears in equal measure and is nothing if not thought provoking. Julie Klam’s confession that she is so prude she’s taught her daughter to refer to her genitals as “the front” is hilarious. Susan Cheever’s “Sex With Strangers” will make even the most conservative reader consider running out for a one-nighter. Jennifer Weiner’s short story about a woman’s last night before her mastectomy is both devastating and hopeful. Molly Jong-Fast’s reflection on her famous mother’s generation and the sexual revolution is fascinating and funny. And thats just a taste! Erica Jong must have heard the same advice I did about variety, and she nails the selection and flow of this collection so thoroughly that reading it is akin to listening to a perfectly crafted mix tape. What a pleasure, t his. __________________________ Rebecca Joines Schinsky  writes about books, the publishing industry, and the reading life at  The Book Lady’s Blog. Follow her on Twitter:  @bookladysblog. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

Review on the Economic Effects of Cultural Tourism - 3850 Words

A Literature Review on Economic Effects of Cultural Tourism (Dissertation Review Sample) Content: A Literature Review on Economic Effects of Cultural Tourism1. IntroductionFor the last few decades, cultural tourism has become an extremely important and major economic sector. Cultural tourism is a sub-category of tourism. When a tourist participates in the cultural tourism scenario, it suggests that the tourist is interested in the culture, history, art, architecture, lifestyle, social aspects, religious and ethical values, and other influencing cultural agents for the people of the destination places. The scope of cultursl tourism is growing at an unbelievable rapid pace because the tourists are becoming more interested in cultural tourism. The statistics clearly shows that the arrivals of international tourists exceeded to an all-time world record of 1,184 million. It is a 4% worldwide increase in respect to the numbers of the previous year. The regions of Europe, America, and the Asia-Pacific are the largest contributors to this growth because these regions huge ly attract the international tourists. But, European countries are the most visited destinations. In 2015, the European countries had the overwhelming share of 51% in the numbers of worldwide arrivals of international tourists. On the other hand, cultural tourism sums up to as much as about 40% of the whole statistical representation. Experts suggest that the numbers will hugely increase (as much as about 15% every year) in the coming years. This is because the international tourists are becoming more and more interested in the cultural scenario of the destination places CITATION Tri16 \l 1033 (Trinh, Ryan, Cave, 2016). Culture and tourism are indeed very closely related to each other. The culture and the cultural events of these destinations play a huge role in the development, growth and impact of the tourism industry in various dimensions. Researchers and analysts are engaging themselves in the extensive studies on the cultural tourism. It is quite evident that the tourists ar e becoming more interested in cultural shopping rather than mere petty shopping. As a result, cultural tourism is not only creating a huge impact on the social structure but also on the economy of the destination places. If evaluated at a broader dimension, we can find out that cultural tourism also has a significant impact on the overall economic condition of the world.1.1. An Overview of the ImpactExperts have arrived at the point of understanding that the international tourists should be disaggregated into different sections depending on two different purposes of travel -- business travel and personal travel. But travelers from the second section are differentiated into two more parts -- people who travel for leisure purposes, and people who travel being motivated by cultural influences. But, often these two purposes get merged as it is very difficult to properly determine the nature of one's personal travel. But, studies have revealed that most of the tourists try to maintain a balance between cultural and recreational aspects during their travel. About 50% of the destinations are chosen due to their rich cultural heritage and presence of heritage sites. Many experts are of the opinion that it is the cultural influence that drives the tourists to visit the destinations. They have tried to establish this argument by citing the example of the tourism industry in America where most of the tourists visit America only to explore its rich tradition and culture. Both the urban destinations and the rural destinations have immensely contributed to the growth of cultural tourism. Another significant thing has come into notice. The cultural tourism immensely contributes to the economic growth because an average cultural tourist spends more money than other tourists during the whole period of stay CITATION Got05 \l 1033 (Gotham, 2005). It is pretty clear that these facts contribute hugely to the rapid growth of cultural tourism as well as the overall economic growth .2. Method of the Literature ReviewThis section of the article addresses the existing literature related to cultural tourism and its impact on the economy. It will try to provide an in-depth analysis of the literary works resulted from extensive research and evaluation. The first part of this literature review is mainly focused on analyzing a static setting where the general equilibrium is established. The prices of the goods and the resources increase according to the increase of demand. Thus, it creates a huge impact on the economy. Then, the second part addresses a dynamic setting where the main focus of the cultural tourism is focused on how tourism can lead to a long-run economic growth.3. BackgroundThe past studies and research have found that the economic effects of cultural tourism can be divided into three varied parts CITATION Wag97 \l 1033 (Wagner, 1997). The direct effect affects the tourism industry of the cultural destination with an immediate effect. The indirect eff ect does not have any direct link with the cultural tourism, but it can contribute in a roundabout way. The induced effect enhances the economic growth of an area by allowing the inhabitants to spend more in the industry or in the supporting businesses. Cultural tourism can effectively contribute to the economic growth of the region because culture is going through a stage of commodification. With the growth of modernization and industrialization, every urban tourist destination has some special technological attraction to some extent. The competitive market in terms of this aspect is quite normal. The economic impact of this factor is also equal in most of the places. Therefore, various urban destinations have decided to enhance the functionality of their cultural uniqueness by providing various means of entertainment and consumption through museums and theatres. On the other hand, the rural or sub-urban destinations have developed a different approach. Culture cannot successfully contribute to the economic growth unless it becomes a commodity. Therefore, these destinations are trying represent various aspects of their cultural uniqueness as consumption commodities. The past surveys and studies have also revealed that not every destination can be termed as cultural destination. Only those destinations that have living cultural areas, historical sites, or any other cultural components are considered as cultural destinations. The town fairs, various cultural festivals, natural ecosystems, and theme parks also contribute immensely to the growth of cultural tourism. These are cultural resources either in the tangible or in the intangible form. Experts have emphasized both of these. It should be ensured that a huge land mass of a cultural area should not be owned by any foreign investor CITATION Luc98 \l 1033 (Lucas, 1998). Then, the labor wage and the output productivity will maintain a balance and it will contribute to the economic growth. The dynamic nature of labor availability, productivity, and price change depends on the availability of tangible and intangible resources. In a specialized tourism scenario like the cultural tourism, if the demand and the need for cultural commodities change, then the economic aspects of land mass rental and labor wages will also change. These are variable aspects that are closely related to cultural tourism CITATION AGl15 \l 1033 (Datta, Bigham, Zou, Hill, 2015). As a result, when the demand for cultural commodities increases, the increased demand gets reflected in the land rental and the labor wages. It is in a equilibrium balance with these economic aspects.4. General Equilibrium ModelThis general equilibrium model of cultural tourism is closely linked to the model of Dutch disease literature CITATION Cor82 \l 1033 (Corden Neary, 1982). The local amenities of the tourist destinations have two different classes -- natural resources and cultural resources CITATION Ric96 \l 1033 (Richards, 1996). Beaches, mountains, and landscapes can be considered as the natural resources. Monuments, museums, and architecture are regarded as the significant cultural resources. Both of these groups are equally important for the growth of cultural tourism CITATION Tho16 \l 1033 (Thompson, 2016). As a result of these resources, cultural tourism immensely contribute to the economy in a disguised manner. The tourist come to the cultural destinations to enjoy the natural and cultural resources, they buy the services or products, and they acquire the essence of the destinations. All of these activities have to be paid to some extent. This is why cultural tourism is regarded as a medium of invisible export to enhance the economic growth of the destination CITATION Sch11 \l 1033 (Schubart, Brida, Risso, 2011) .The impact of these resources is further divided into two models. The first model has a huge impact on the growth of tourism and economy but it does not lead to any kind of migration flows. It is also related to labor immobility. The second model analyzes the factor of labor mobility and migration flows CITATION Ada95 \l 1033 (Adams Parmenter, 1995). With the help of the existing literary sources, these aspects can be effectively analyzed.5. Factor of Services, Products, and Labor ImmobilityWe can clearly and efficiently analyze the effect of labor immobility by assessing the economic effect and distributional welfare of the cultural tourism. This model tries to establish the aspect in which local amenities plays a huge role in the growth of tourism and economy but does not induce any kind of labor immobility.When tourists cross the national boundaries and visit a foreign country, they get the opportunity to consume the local amenities of the destination places at its original and basic location. This is why cultural tourism is often considered as an export industry in an invisible form CITATION Urr88 \l 1033 (Urry, 1988). This m...

The Debate Over Homosexual Couples - 941 Words

A homosexual couple is a pair of two individuals of the same sex involved in an intimate and loving relationship. Homosexual couples want to be treated the same way as heterosexuals by fighting for their right to get married and also their right to have children. Because of the nature of their relationship, they cannot biologically have children together so their only option is to adopt. The debate over homosexual couples being able to adopt children is very controversial and is becoming a big issue in today’s society. Some believe that by allowing these couples to adopt, they intentionally deprive the children from either a male or female role models; the children will have more challenges in school compared to those raised by heterosexual couples; and, children will tend to have more homosexual behaviors themselves because of what they are exposed to at home. Gary Glenn, president of the American Family Association of Michigan, stated at a debate on same-sex couple’s adoption held by CBS Detroit that â€Å"healthy development of a human child requires having the role model and the care of a mother and a father. It should not be the emotional needs of adults that drive the public policy. It is up to the adults to make sure we act in the best interest of the children† (Glenn). In this citation, Gary Glenn forgets the fact that one in four children in the United States is being raised by a single parent. This insinuates that those children do not have either a male or femaleShow MoreRelatedGay Couples Adopting1042 Words   |  5 PagesHomosexuals must be allowed to adopt children just like any other couple who want to do the same thing. A child needs love, respect and a home in which they can assure themselves that there will be someone there to care for them. 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They are held at an unfair disadvantage solely because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination must stop, because gay and lesbian couples are law-abiding citizens too, who shou ld be afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples. Marriage is about love and commitment; this means that since we are all human, we all deserve

Akron Children’s Hospital - 1555 Words

Study about Akron Children’s Hospital Executive Summary: In this paper, I will attempt to study the operation condition about Akron Children’s Hospital. First of all, I will briefly introduce the hospital’s basic information, including the beginning of its operation, its development process, and current situation. Then, we will focus on the Akron Children’s hospital’s current managerial problem. They want to by using the research to help them fix this problem. The research process is conducted by a professional management research company, who was called â€Å"Marcus Thomas LLC†. Their management research process could be separate into five hierarchy, and in every step, Akron hospital has a specific work to do, or they have a particular†¦show more content†¦The third step of research hierarchy is Research Questions. The Akron Children s Hospital should define the research questions such as whether they expand their service beyond the county, which means it will increase the number of the patient; and whether they can provide the higher technology equipment or higher-quality medically advanced care than their competitors. The forth step of management research hierarchy is Investigative Questions. The Akron Children s Hospital should research the questions such as â€Å"which hospital do the parents’ prefer to bring their children to, the nearest or the high-quality one?† or â€Å"Is the higher technology equipment and higher-quality hospital do real attract the patients who in the distance?† The last step in management research hierarchy is Measurement Questions. The Akron Children s Hospital could list many factors that patients are possible care about, such as â€Å"How important you think it is that a hospital has many high-technology equipment, from 1 star to 5 stars.†, â€Å"How important you think it is that a hospital can provide the most medically advanced care, from 1 star to 5 stars.†, or â€Å"How important you think it is that a hospital hold the most and the best medical staffs, from 1 star to 5 stars.† Advantages and Disadvantages for This Research: Obviously, each study has both advantages and disadvantages involved. The advantage is that from observation, analyzing and studying theShow MoreRelatedAkron Childrens Hospital650 Words   |  3 Pagesmanagement-research question hierarchy for Akron Children’s Hospital? The management research hierarchy for Akron Children’s Hospital includes: Discover the Management Dilemma: Akron’s Children’s Hospital felt the need to distinguish itself from the other prominent pediatric hospitals in the Northeastern Ohio area: Akron Children’s wanted to be the top pediatric hospital choice in Akron and the surrounding counties. Define the Management Question: How can we (Akron Children’s) convince the public, orRead MoreAkron Childrens Hospital687 Words   |  3 PagesCase Study: Akron Children’s Hospital 1) What is the management-research question hierarchy for Akron Children’s Hospital? a. Management Dilemma- Step 1 is identifying the management dilemma. The dilemma that the hospital faces is how to increase the bed-occupancy rate and what can the hospital do to gain more business than its competitors. b. Management Question- Step 2 is how to differentiate itself and step out of the shadow of its competitors. c. Research Questions-Read MoreAkron Children’s Hospital Case Study1120 Words   |  5 Pages1. Develop a focus group discussion guide for the research described above. a. What topics should be discussed in what order? * How do children parents decide which hospital to take their children to, when their children need acute care? * Is the quality of service a factor on their decision * Is the financing a determine factor? * Is their decision driven simply by emotion? b. What pre tasking exercises might be relevant? Ask the people who are participating in the focus groupRead MoreAkron Children’s Hospital Case Study1105 Words   |  5 Pages1. Develop a focus group discussion guide for the research described above. a. What topics should be discussed in what order? * How do children parents decide which hospital to take their children to, when their children need acute care? * Is the quality of service a factor on their decision * Is the financing a determine factor? * Is their decision driven simply by emotion? b. What pre tasking exercises might be relevant? Ask the people who are participating in the focus groupRead MoreBusiness Research Analysis: Determining the Best Positioning Strategy for Akron Childrens Hospital667 Words   |  3 PagesPositioning Strategy for Akron Childrens Hospital Submitted for MKT 611 Business Research Analysis Professor Lance Mowrey By: Lauren M. Middleton November 2nd, 2014 1. Akron Children’s Hospital Marketing Director Aaron Powell felt it was important to conduct this study because Akron Childrens Hospitals marketing director Aaron Powell thought that it was important to conduct this study, because other competitive hospitals in the area had hiredRead MoreThe Health Care Market Of Northeast Ohio1580 Words   |  7 Pageschildren with serious illnesses. Hospitals that have not been involved in pediatrics are now emerging into this particular field. In order to contest this, Akron Children’s Hospital (ACH) decided to try to figure out how the selection of institutions and physicians amongst parents with seriously ill children work. This is an effort to differentiate itself from other health care providers entering the pediatric care market. The advertising strategies within the major hospital in the area had some similarities;Read MoreA Case Study of Akron Children‚Äà ´s Hospital2143 Words   |  9 PagesAkron Children’s Hospital Anthony D. Davis, Sr. Keiser University MBA 542 Read MoreInformation Security Breaches At The News Since Last Decade1052 Words   |  5 Pagespasswords How might they have been stopped - Gawker Media has done a security done after the website affect and set up a two level authentication in which user can login moreover they strengthen the authentication protocol. Company name – Akron Children’s Hospital Industry – Health care Size – largest pediatric health care provider in northeast Ohio with 78 locations. Place in industry – Read MoreA Nursing Philosophy Coincides With Self Awareness1452 Words   |  6 Pagesafter we thought he never would. In kindergarten he contracted meningococcal meningitis and was hospitalized for a long period of time. A couple years later his appendix ruptured while waiting in the hospital emergency room. After a couple weeks he had to be transferred to Akron Children’s Hospital where he stayed for another month. During those times it was difficult to sit there and watch my brother struggle knowing I was unable to help him. Watching my brother was an eye opening experience becauseRead MoreMaternal Separation And Its Effects On Children1830 Words   |  8 Pagesthought that this would be the best treatment for Susan’s depression. Resources and Care for Neglected Children o Children’s Services in Lorain County. Address: 226 Middle Ave, Elyria, OH 44035. Number: 440-329-5340. Mallet (2012) studied the proof on the relation between school performance and childhood maltreatment and presented an assessment of a great program created by Children’s Services in Lorain County, Ohio. The major motivation of the School Success Program is to provide the children with

Introduction. For My Project On Critiquing An Epidemiology

Introduction: For my project on critiquing an epidemiology study I choose to do my project on second-hand smoking and how it affects other people than just the smoking population. The article I choose was Cigarette Smoking Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma in Situ in a Large Case-Control Study (SFBALCS). The objective of this study was â€Å"designed to understand why nonsmokers are associated with Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), which is common cause of lung cancer in cigarette smokers† (Bracci et al.). Statistics show that 80 % to 90% of lung cancer cases are from smoking. â€Å"Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), formerly bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), is not so common subtype of lung adenocarcinoma and accounts for approximately 3% to 4% of lung†¦show more content†¦They only included five counties that were located within the Bay Area which is limiting their data. By not having this part of the study so restricted it will open many other variables that are not included in the study now. Another weakness in the study is that they did not include genetic variations and susceptibility for BAC which is an important factor. With this information, it can show which people in the control and case study already have BAC in their family history which can show us the cause for why they already must disease or who will likely develop the disease later. From this information, they could have explored another direction with the AIS patients which can show us that cigarette smoke may have not been the cause of the disease developing. They also decided to not use survival biased in their study which has a big impact on their study. The reason for that is because they are just if AIS patients have good prognosis, there is no need to include survival rate. If you are conducting a study on a disease you show still include the survival rate because people can still death from this disease, even if the rates may be low. Strengths: Overall this case-control study had some good strengths which allowed the case study to successful in the aspects that it mainly covered. Overall the case study wanted

Essay on The Debate Concerning Secondhand Smoke - 1777 Words

We all know that smoking poses a significant risk to our health. We can make an educated decision about whether or not to smoke, and if we do decide to smoke, we should be willing to accept any negative effects such as lung cancer and heart disease later in our lives. But what about exposure to secondhand smoke? At this point, we don’t always have a choice in exposure to the smoke of others. The Office of the Surgeon General (OGS) has documented a high level of exposure to secondhand smoke among nonsmoking adults and children in the United States. Blood tests of nonsmokers for the presence of cotinine, a chemical produced by nicotine, indicate that 88% of nonsmoking Americans are exposed to secondhand smoke (US, OGS, Clean). In†¦show more content†¦The EPA determined that secondhand smoke is a Group A carcinogen, a classification of pollutants that have been proven to cause cancer. The tobacco industry responded to the report with a well-funded advertising, public relations, and legal counterattack. Since then, controversy over the topic has spread, both politically and socially. But what exactly are the risks associated with secondhand smoke, and how has the American public responded to those risks? Secondhand smoke is most harmful to young children, especially those with asthma or other respiratory diseases. The EPA notes that 43% of children in the United States under the age of 11 live in a home with at least one smoker. Children exposed to secondhand smoke tend to have more bronchitis, pneumonia, respiratory infections, fluid in the middle ear, and asthma. And if both parents smoke, or if the child is frequently exposed to smoke, the child’s chances of showing symptoms of these diseases increase (US, EPA, Indoor). Infants and toddlers up to 18 months of age suffer between 150,000 and 300,000 cases of lung infections because of secondhand smoke, according to EPA estimates. Secondhand smoke produces symptoms of asthma in anShow MoreRelatedShould We Legalize Marijuana? Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s world one of the growing debates is the legalization of marijuana. Nowadays people use â€Å"weed† for many different purposes. Whether it be for medical or even recreational weed has become a part of this world. The government in the USA keeps fighting this natural product and destroying lives on account of this drug. It has been proven to be even better than alcohol and many other things in this world. Weed being a natural product has many advantages and disadvantages but the good outweighsRead MoreThe Purpose Of This Essay Is To Provide An Argument For1952 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"The Counterculture and Drug Scene In the late ‘60s, amid the growing countercultur e and drug proliferation, marijuana use becomes a mainstay of the hippie lifestyle. A fierce debate emerges over whether to legalize the drug.† (MOORE, 2013), and this counterculture would lead to some very possive laws concerning cannabis in the latter future, but also would lead to some very damaging laws in the 70s and 80s. In the 70s we had the Controlled Substances Act a large piece of foolishness becauseRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagescritical thinking skills also involve assessing whether a group of sentences are consistent, whether a proposed definition is successful, whether an advertisement gives any useful information about a product, whether a speaker is being fair in a debate with an opponent, whether a statistical sample was biased, and whether someones supposed scientific explanation is unscientific. This book is designed to improve all these other critical thinking skills, too, even though they dont directly involveRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesPolicy 66 Geographical Comparisons 67 McDonnell-Douglas Test 67 Responding to an EEO Charge 67 Business Necessity 68 Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications 68 Seniority Systems 68 Selected Relevant Supreme Court Cases 69 Cases Concerning Discrimination 69 Cases Concerning Reverse Discrimination 71 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: English-Only Rules 72 Enforcing Equal Opportunity Employment 72 The Role of the EEOC 72 Office of Federal Contract Compliance Program (OFCCP) 73 Current Issues in Employment Law 74Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesferment—what some have called chaos2—demands reevaluation, renewal, revamping, even redesign of previously rather stable library and information service organizations. In that process, futurists, trying to predict outcomes, are making forecasts concerning the importance of various forces that have been growing for some time. To coin an alliterative phrase, â€Å"confusion about comprehensive change complicates compliance with contemporary conditions† in library and information service. Change—The Innovative Process

Why Cigarette Smoking Should Be Banned Free Essays

Cigarette smoking should be banned. Cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit that not only affects the user in a negative physical and psychological way but also endangers others around them. Would you play Russian roulette – A deadly game of chance involving a revolver and a single bullet– and then force others around you to participate? Cigarette smoking has detrimental effects on both the user and innocent bystanders effectively initiating a game of Russian roulette. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Cigarette Smoking Should Be Banned or any similar topic only for you Order Now Considering the dangers of cigarettes, banning them could potentially protect society from their dangerous effects. The physical effects of smoking are quite frightening and include a wide variety of diseases. These include but are not limited to: cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and a wide variety of cancers. A common outcome of the more serious tobacco related diseases is death. It is noted on the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) website that ‘More deaths are caused each year by tobacco than all deaths caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, and murders combined. (CDC – Fact Sheet – Tobacco-Related Mortality – Smoking Tobacco Use, 2011) With all this evidence pointing to the physical dangers of cigarettes, why then do people continue choosing to engage in this behavior? Perhaps the psychological effects of cigarettes can account for the continuation of their use. Cigarettes can have not only a stimulating effect, but also a perceived calming effect and can also induce feelings of eupho ria. Nicotine in tobacco causes these perceived effects and feelings. Nicotine is a psychoactive drug found in tobacco products, and it is this chemical that causes users to develop a dependency on cigarettes. One particular cause for alarm is taken from the CDC website. ‘Research suggests that nicotine may be as addictive as heroin, cocaine, or alcohol. ’ (CDC – Fact Sheet – Smoking Cessation – Smoking Tobacco Use. 14 Nov. 2011) With this in mind, we now start to understand the psychological dangers of smoking cigarettes. The addiction compels the user to continue smoking. Having looked at the physical and psychological effects of smoking on the users, let us now take a look at how detrimental cigarette smoking is to non-smokers. Cigarette smoking is extremely dangerous to non smokers. Secondhand smoke is a mixture of side stream smoke — smoke from the end of a lighted cigarette—and mainstream smoke—smoke exhaled by a smoker. This secondhand smoke contains 250 known harmful chemicals of which 60 are known to cause cancer. This dangerous concoction of chemicals in the smoke puts those that have chosen not to smoke in harm’s way. According to the website of the American Cancer Society, each year, second hand smoke is responsible for ‘an estimated 46,000 deaths from heart disease’, â€Å"About 3400 lung cancer deaths’, and ‘Between 150,000 and 300,000 lower respiratory tract infections in children’. (â€Å"Secondhand Smoke. â€Å", 14 Nov. 2011) The list carries on, but we can now see how cigarette smoking not only affects smokers, but non smokers too. As detrimental as cigarettes are to everyone’s health, there are still those that claim it is their right to be able to smoke. Opponents of cigarette banning claim that it is their civil right to choose to smoke and that society does not have the right to dictate what people do to their bodies, regardless of whether it is unhealthy for them or not. They claim that if the government bans cigarettes on the basis that it is harmful to one’s health, then they may as well ban other things that pose a health risk, like â€Å"junk food†. The problem with this argument is that while eating junk food does pose a health risk to the person eating it, there is no immediate health risk to the people around them. Even governments have started to recognize the dangers of cigarettes by allocating smoke free zones where smoking is not allowed. Even though this is a step in the right direction, it still does not keep everyone safe from the dangers of cigarette smoking. By examining the all the information, it is easy to see that cigarette smoking is particularly dangerous on both physical and psychological levels while also needlessly endangering non-smokers. Could the banning of cigarettes potentially wrestle the revolver from the hands of the smoker and finally put an end to this dangerous game of Russian roulette? How to cite Why Cigarette Smoking Should Be Banned, Essay examples

Determination Whether Lump Sum Received †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Determination Whether Lump Sum Received? Answer: Introducation The amount of $7,500,000 in the form of compensation received by Connect IT may constitute as income and will held taxable as income as per the ordinary concepts of Section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997. As a held in the case of F C of T (NSW) v Meeks (1915)[1] sum received in association with the cessation or deviation of deal or other forms of business contract that is made in the due course of performing on of a trade that are in the nature of income. As a rule, to decide whether the sum of compensation received by Connect-IT is of income or capital in nature it is vital to understand whether the annulled contract is linked to the purpose of providing service and formed the part of the profit making structure. In the present case, Connect-IT may find an alternative service provider and it can be argued that the agreement would not however substantially affect the Connect-IT income making composition. The contract did not create an impact on the permanent composition under which Connect-IT executed its business activities and the amount of compensation received would be of revenue in nature. However, if the service provided formed the significant fraction of their commercial operations, an argument can be put forward that the compensation was capital. As held in the case of Californian Oil Products Ltd (in liq) v. Federal Commissioner ofTaxation (1934) 52 CLR 28; (1934) the decision passed supported the view[2]. As evident the assessee entered into the agreement of five-year with international oil company that provided them only right of distributing the oil merchandise in Australia. Afterwards, the foreign company sought after to end the agreement and compensated Californian oil with a sum in the form of compensation for the cessation of deal. The court passed its verdict by stating that the sum received as reimbursement for rescission of the contract was capital in nature. Consequently, it is vital to determine that the vitality of contract was to Connect-IT. Although it is assumed that Connect-IT would be able to discover an alternative arrangements with another clients and can be considered that compensation received was of revenue account[3]. Citing the reference of Allied Mills Industries Pty Ltd v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation(1989) the amount of $7,500,000 paid constitute an un-dissected lump sum payment as an arrangement for the settlement of the claims. Pursuing the decision in Allsop v FC of T (1965) these amounts therefore be assessable in the form of recoupment of a loss under section 20-20 (2)[4]. Conclusion: The sum of compensation received by Connect IT constitute as income and will be held taxable as an income as per the ordinary concepts of Section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 Reference List: Barkoczy, Stephen. "Foundations of Taxation Law 2016."OUP Catalogue(2016). Blakelock, Sarah, and Peter King. "Taxation law: The advance of ATO data matching."Proctor, The37.6 (2017): 18. ROBIN, H.AUSTRALIAN TAXATION LAW 2017. OXFORD University Press, 2017. Woellner, R. H., et al.Australian Taxation Law Select: Legislation and Commentary 2016. Oxford University Press, 2016. [1] Barkoczy, Stephen. "Foundations of Taxation Law 2016."OUP Catalogue(2016). [2] Woellner, R. H., et al.Australian Taxation Law Select: Legislation and Commentary 2016. Oxford University Press, 2016. [3] Blakelock, Sarah, and Peter King. "Taxation law: The advance of ATO data matching."Proctor, The37.6 (2017): 18. [4] ROBIN, H.AUSTRALIAN TAXATION LAW 2017. OXFORD University Press, 2017.

Compare the Leadership Academy Approaches

Question: Discuss about the Compare the Leadership Academy Approaches. Answer: Introduction: Strong leadership is the single most important characteristic for an organization, which drives the well-structured leadership development programs and overall organizational performances, in order to develop strong leaders. In this assignment, two selected health systems are Henry Ford Health System and North Shore-Lij Health System. The Leadership Academy approaches will be compared in between these two healthcare systems. Similarity and difference between the health systems: As per NCHL Best Practices in Healthcare Leadership Academies, 2010, these two healthcare systems have focused on employee retention programs through employee promotion, performance reviews, better goal management and other talent management practices. They differ in terms of Leadership Academy approaches through various ways. For example, in Henry Ford Health System, the leadership approaches are implemented in different years through different programs, like, leadership program, advanced leadership academy, new leader academy, and physician leadership academy. While, in North Shore-LIJ Health System, the Leadership Academy approaches are maintained through developing and nurturing multiple talent pools at different levels of organization, like, executive director pool, associate director pool, black belt pool and high potential pool (Mohanna et al., 2013). Appropriate approach for the organization: According to the author, the most appropriate approach for the organization will be the Leadership Academy approach of North Shore-LIJ Health System. The leadership approaches are based on the employees. In this system, each employee is monitored through repeated and rigorous assessments. The employees have direct communication with the CEO of the organization regarding their efficiencies. Their jobs are designed in such a way that the employees can be upgraded with new perspectives and skills (Lockwood, 2006). Each employee, who is participating in leadership development, has access to mentoring and coaching, in order to pursue a new role in future. In this system, , the Leadership Academy approaches are maintained through developing and nurturing multiple talent pools at different levels of organization, like, executive director pool, associate director pool, black belt pool and high potential pool. The most critical elements of a successful Leadership Development program: There are many critical elements, which are needed to implement a successful Leadership Developmental program. According o the author, certain critical elements are described below (Martin Learmonth, 2012) : Mentoring: In this process, the participants will be skilled under efficient mentors. In Leadership Development program, each employee should have access to mentoring and coaching, in order to pursue a new role in future. Low funding: The fees of the Leadership Development program should be charged as low as possible. It will motivate the employees of the healthcare systems to participate in the large number. This can be achieved through implementing internal faculties and using other online technological resources. Screening and assessments: The screenings and assessments will help to recognize the potentials of the employees. These tests will help to rectify the employees and to upgrade them with efficient skills in future (Law Aquilina, 2013). Measurement of the success of a Leadership Academy: According to the author, the success of a Leadership Academy can be measured through their applications. The employees will be more efficiently skilled and knowledgeable through the successful Leadership Academy approaches (Edmonstone, 2015). The employees of the organizations can take up any type of challenges. The team effectiveness and teamwork will be enhanced through this successful leadership. References: Edmonstone, J. (2015). Developing healthcare leaders and managers: course-based or practice-based?.International Journal of Healthcare,1(1), p9. Law, H., Aquilina, R. (2013). Developing a healthcare leadership coaching model using action research and systems approachesa case study: Implementing an executive coaching programme to support nurse managers in achieving organisational objectives in Malta.International Coaching Psychology Review,8(1), 54-71. Lockwood, N. R. (2006). Leadership development: Optimizing human capital for business success.HR Magazine,51(12), A1. Martin, G. P., Learmonth, M. (2012). A critical account of the rise and spread of leadership: the case of UK healthcare.Social science medicine,74(3), 281-288. Mohanna, K., Nicol, E., Cowpe, J. (2013). Education and training for healthcare leadership.Education for primary care: an official publication of the Association of Course Organisers, National Association of GP Tutors, World Organisation of Family Doctors,24(1), 77. NCHL Best Practices in Healthcare Leadership Academies. (2010) (1st ed.).

A philosphical essay on Utilitarianism.

A philosphical essay on Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is a way of looking at ethics, it focuses on trying to ensure the maximum happiness in many different ways. There are many different forms of utilitarianism, the four I will discuss are act, rule, naive and preference utilitarianism.Rule utilitarianism tries to give the greatest overall benefit to society, the best rule/law of conduct is found and everyone is found an a rule utilitarian will follow it. However, this can cause problems if you use this rule in a place where it is not generally followed as problems will be caused if you differ from the general population. Another difficulty is that all the best rules would be very complicated and this would make them hard to follow and many people would not bother to follow them at all.Examples of rule utilitarianism: A man needs a lot of money to get a lifesaving operation on his heart, he doesn't have the money and contemplates robbing a bank for it.From http://hypernews.ngdc.noaa.govBecause he follows rule utilitariani sm he decides to let himself die because robbing a bank is against the rules that he believe are for the benefit of society. Another example: A man from the USA comes to Australia to live, one of the rules he believes is for the greater benefit of society s driving on the right side of the road. He is forced to go against his rule utilitarianism because of the fear of a car crash.Preference utilitarianism tries to satisfy peoples' preferences. The best action is the one which satisfies the highest amount of peoples' preferences. These preferences must only count for preferences about oneself or people might have preferences that cancel out other peoples preferences (for example: A person wishing to be rich and a person wishing for everyone to be poor),

The Haber Process Essays - Industrial Gases, Equilibrium Chemistry

The Haber Process Essays - Industrial Gases, Equilibrium Chemistry The Haber Process 1. The Haber Process During the first decade of the twentieth century the world-wide demand for ammonia for use in fertilisers (in the form of nitrates) and in the production of explosives for use in mining and warfare could only be satisfied on a large scale from deposits of guano in Chile (2). Though this deposit was of huge size (approximately five feet thick and 385 kilometres long) it represented a rapidly depleting resource when compared to world-wide demand. As a result of this there was much research into how ammonia could be produced from atmospheric nitrogen. The problem was eventually solved by Fritz Haber (1868 - 1934) in a process which came to be known as the Haber Process or the Haber - Bosch Process. Haber developed a method for synthesising ammonia utilising atmospheric nitrogen and had established the conditions for large scale synthesis of ammonia by 1909 and the process was handed over to Carl Bosch for industrial development (1). the reaction is a simple equilibrium reaction which occurs in gaseous state as follows; N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2NH3 (g) heat of enthalpy = -92.6 kJ/mol In predicting how to obtain the highest yield from this reaction we must refer to Le Chatlier's Principle. This states that for an equilibrium reaction the equilibrium will work in the opposite direction to the conditions forced upon it. The conditions most pertinent to the above reaction are temperature and pressure. The pressure exerted by any gas or mixture of gasses in an enclosed space is directly proportional to the number of atoms or molecules of gas regardless of their size or molecular mass. Reference to the above reaction shows that, as the reaction moves to the right the number of molecules and hence the pressure decreases. Therefore the reaction moving to the right (i.e. towards the product required) is favoured by an increase in pressure. With regard to temperature, the reaction moving to the right is exothermic i.e. it gives off energy (in the form of heat). Therefore reference to Le Chatlier's Principle shows that the reaction to the right is favoured by low temperatures. However, when Haber placed the reactants together under these conditions it was shown that the rate of reaction was so slow as to render the process unfeasible as an industrial process. This is because of an unusually high activation energy. The activation energy of a reaction is the energy required by the reactants to achieve an intermediate state required before they form the products. In the case of the above reaction the intermediate state requires the dissociation of diatomic gaseous nitrogen. The triple bond found between two nitrogen atoms when they form diatomic nitrogen is amongst the strongest chemical bonds known. this leads to an extremely high activation energy. At extremely high temperature the nitrogen molecule will dissociate and so, as the temperature approaches this point the rate at which the reaction to the right occurs and therefore the speed with which equilibrium is reached increases rapidly. Unfortunately experimentation showed that, as temperature approached the point at which the speed of the reaction was sufficient to produce a viable reaction the amount of ammonia produced was so low that the reaction was still unfeasible on as an industrial process. Faced with this failure to find conditions suitable for an industrial process Haber began to experiment to find a catalyst that would facilitate the reaction. A catalyst is a substance that reduces the activation energy of a reaction, thus increasing the speed at which the reaction occurs, or in the case of equilibrium reactions the speed at which equilibrium is reached. After hundreds of experiments Haber discovered that a fast enough reaction with a high enough yield of ammonia would occur with a pressure between 200 and 400 atmospheres and at a temperature between 670K and 920K in the presence of a catalyst of iron (in the form of iron filings to increase its active surface area) plus a few percent of oxides of potassium and aluminium. This process was first demonstrated in 1909 and patented as the Haber Process in 1910 (3). Experiments aimed at finding the most efficient conditions for the reaction have since resulted in the process described by the flow diagram

Chapter 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 5 - Essay Example 2. The LMX theory provides predictions in terms of stages of relationship development. With each individual, both leader and subordinate, there is a phase in which both assess each other’s potential. The potential is defined as each person’s motivations, attitude and respect for one another. Provided this is established, there is a development of trust, loyalty and greater respect. At the final stage of this progress, self-interest becomes intertwined in the commitment of both leader and subordinate in mission objectives. In vases of low-exchange relationships, the consequences of this are lower compliance with the terms of each mission, particularly if the subordinate in a low-exchange relationship feels that he is being less favored than other subordinates are. This will cause the team to become antagonistic instead of welcoming of work together. It is imperative that the leader create a feeling of respect, trust and loyalty among all subordinates, while treating each as an individual respecting their needs and wants as well. 3.

Intercultural communication class- research paper

Intercultural communication class- - Research Paper Example nships between these multicultural societies it is also very important to understand how the world today is characterized by an ever growing number of contacts that results from communication between people of different linguistic and cultural backgrounds (Samovar, 2006). This paper takes a stand that cultures plays an important role in determining the method of intercultural communication amongst the Hispanic community living in United States. Culture has different meanings although it is used to denote to a set of standards, values, art, practices and music of a particular group. Becker (2004) defines culture, as a complex whole that includes beliefs, arts, knowledge, morals, law, and any other capability and habit which is acquired by mankind within a society. Furthermore, he denotes that culture is normally acquired and learned, as opposed to biological traits which are inherited (Samovar, 2006). As we are made to comprehend that this was innovative against the background of colonialism, social evolution and racialism which were the most common ideologies during the nineteenth century (Davis, 2000). They are regarded as a highly group-oriented form of social setup. In this sense, Hispanics put strong emphasis on the family as the main source of the identity of an individual, and it protects against the hardships an individual passes through. People who do not have the capability of creating this set up are not easily trusted, and this process is very cautious (Toomey and Chung, 2012). The model of a family, amongst the Hispanics normally comprises of aunts, grandparents, cousins, etc. They use the term Familismo to describe their strong and supreme loyalty to extended families. Due to an emphasis on harmony, collectivity and corporation amongst the Hispanic people, this group normally emphasizes collective responsibility (Toomey and Chung, 2012). Within these groups, there is a very rigid definition of sex roles. The elderly are revered and very much valued

Business Essays Marketing Strategies HSBC

Business Essays Marketing Strategies HSBC HSBC Marketing Strategies One of the largest banking and financial services organisation in the world is known as the HSBC Group. It has established businesses in Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, the Americas, the Middle East and Africa. In 1991, HSBC holdings were incorporated in England, with its head office based in London. In 1999, the company established its international brand name, which ensured that the Groups corporate symbol became a familiar sight all across the world. HSBC differentiates its brand name from those of its competitors by describing the unique characteristics which distinguish HSBC, namely being, The worlds local bank. As at 31st December 2004, its total asset was valued at  £660 billion. It has over 9,800 offices worldwide. It employs over 253, 000 people, across different countries and territories. Its shares are held by around 200,000 people in some 100 countries and territories. The companys shares are also traded on most of the worlds renowned stock exchanges, namely, London, P aris, New York, and Bermuda stock exchanges respectively. One of the major tools it uses for functionality on a worldwide scale is the companys use of information technology. Its e-business channels include the internet, PC banking, interactive TV, and telephone banking. It maintains its own private network (intranet and extranet), in which HSBCs websites attracted 900 million visits in 2004. The HSBC group provides a comprehensive range of financial services namely: Personal Financial Services: It has over 100 million personal consumers worldwide (including Consumer Finance customers). It provides a full range of personal finance services, including current and savings accounts, mortgages, insurance, loans, credit cards, pensions, and investment services. It is one of the worlds top ten issuers of credit cards. Consumer Finance: The Companys Finance Corporations consumer finance business ensures point of sale credit to consumers, and lends money and provides related services to meet the financial needs of everyday people. In 2004, it completed the integration of its former household businesses. Commercial Banking: HSBC is a leading provider of financial services to small, medium-sized and middle market enterprises. The group has over two million such customers, including sole proprietors, partnerships, clubs, and associations, incorporated businesses and publicly quoted companies. In the UK, 209 Commercial Centre were launched to provide improved relationship management for higher value small-medium-sized enterprise customers, while in Hong Kong, Business Banking Centres, were expanded to provide a one-stop service. Corporate Investment Banking and Markets: Tailored financial services are provided to corporate and financial clients. Business lines include Global Markets, Corporate and Institutional Banking, Global Transaction Banking, and Global Investment Banking. Global Markets includes foreign exchange, fixed income, derivatives, equities, metals trade, and other trading businesses. Corporate and Institutional Banking covers relationship management and lending activities. Global Transaction Banking includes payment and cash management, trade services, supply chain, securities services, and wholesale banknotes businesses. Global Investment Banking involves investment banking advisory, and investment banking financing activities. Private Banking: HSBC is one of the worlds top private banking businesses, providing financial services to high net worth individual and families in 70 different locations. HISTORY OF THE HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION The HSBC group evolved from The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, which was founded in 1865 in Hong Kong with offices in Shanghai, London, and an agency in San Francisco, USA. The company expanded primarily through already established offices in the banks name until the mid 1950s when it began to create or acquire subsidiaries. The following are some of the key transitions in the Groups growth and history since 1959. In 1959, HSBC acquired the British Bank of the Middle East formerly known as the Imperial Bank of Persia. In 1965, it acquired a majority shareholding of the Hang Seng Bank Limited. In 1971, the British Bank of the Middle East acquired a minority stake of 20% in the Cyprus Popular Bank Limited, which currently trades as the Laiki Group. In 1972, Midland Bank acquired a shareholding in UBAF Bank Limited (now known as British Arab Commercial Bank Limited). In 1978, the Saudi British Bank is established under local control to take over the British Bank of the Middle Easts branches in Saudi Arabia. In 1980, it acquired 51% of New York States Marine Midland Bank (now known as HSBC Bank USA). At the same time Midland acquired a controlling interest leading German private bank, Trinkaus and Burkhardt (now known as HSBC Trinkaus Burkhardt KGaA). In 1981, HSBC established a branch in Vancouver, Canada. In the same year the Group acquired a controlling interest in Equator Holdings Limited, wh ich was a merchant bank engaged in trade finance in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1982, Egyptian British Bank S.A.E. is formed, with the HSBC group holding a 40% stake. In 1983, Marine Midland Bank acquired Carroll McEntee and McGinley (now HSBC securities (USA) inc.), a New York based primary dealer in US government securities. In 1986, HSBC Australia was established. In 1987, it acquired the remaining shares of Marine Midland and a 14.9% equity interest in Midland Bank (now HSBC Bank Plc). In 1991, HSBC Holdings was established (as mentioned previously); its shares were traded for the first time in London and Hong Kong stock exchanges. In 1992, it purchased the remaining equity stake in Midland Bank. In 1993, it moved its head office to London. In 1994, HSBC Malaysia was established. In 1997, the group established a subsidiary in Brazil, Banco HSBC Bamerindus S.A., and acquired Roberts S.A. de Inversiones in Argentina, HSBC Brazil, and HSBC Argentina, respectively. In 1999, shares of HSBC began trading on a third stock exchange, New York. In the same year it acquired, Republic New York Corporation, which was then integrated into HSBC USA Inc and its sister company Safra Republic holdings S.A. (now known as HSBC Republic Holdings Luxembourg). At the same time Midland acquired a 70.03% stake in Mid-Med Bank Plc (now HSBC Bank Malta Plc.), the biggest commercial bank in Malta. In 2000, HSBC acquired CCF, one of the largest Banks in France. Its shares were also traded on a fourth stock exchange, Paris. The group also increased its shareholding in the Egyptian British Bank to over 90% and then later renames it HSBC Bank Egypt S.A.E. It went on to acquire Demirbank TAS, now HSBC Bank A.S., Turkeys fifth largest private Bank in 2001. Additionally, it signed an agreement to purchase 8% stake in the Bank of Shanghai. In 2002, it acquired Grupo Financiero Bital, S.A., de C.V., one of Mexicos largest financial services groups; and a 10% interest in Ping An Insurance Company of China Limited, the second largest life insurance operation in China. In 2003, it acquired Household International (now HSBC Finance Corporation), a leading US consumer finance company; and Lloyds TSBs Brazilian assets including Losango Promotora de Vendas Ltda, a major consume credit institution. Four French private banking subsidiaries combine to form HSBC Private Bank France. The companys insurance brokers at the same time formed a joint venture Beijing HSBC Insurance Brokers Ltd, in which it has a 24.9% stake. Hang Seng Bank also acquired about 16% of Industrial Bank Co. Ltd, a mainland Chinese Commercial Bank, and HSBC agrees to purchase 505 of Fujian Asia Bank Limited (now known as Ping An Bank Limited). In 2004, it acquired the Bank of Bermuda Ltd, a leading provider of fund administration, trust, custody, asset management, and private banking services. It also opened in a fifth stock exchange, the Bermuda stock exchange. In the same year it acquired about 20% of the Bank of Communications Limited, Chinas fifth largest bank. EXISTING LITERATURE REVIEW Around the world corporations are increasingly becoming aware of the enhanced value that corporate branding strategies can provide for an organization. According to Weitz and Wensley (1988), they define marketing strategy as an indicator that is specific towards which activities are to be targeted and the types of competitive advantages that are to be developed and exploited. Implicitly, the strategy requires clear objectives and a focus in line with an organisations corporate goals; the right customers must be targeted more effectively than they are by its competitors, and associated marketing mixes should be developed into marketing programmes that successfully implement the marketing strategy, Varadarajan (1999). A strategic market plan is an outline of the methods and resources required to achieve an organisations goals within a specific target market. It takes into account not only marketing but also all the functional aspects of a business unit that must be co-ordinated. These functional aspects include production, finance and personnel. Environmental issues are an important consideration as well. The concept of the strategic business unit is used to define areas for consideration in a specific strategic market plan. Each strategic business unit (SBU) is a division, product line or other profit centre within a parent company. Each sells a distinct set of products to an identifiable group of customers, and each competes with a well defined set of competitors, Dibb et al. (2001). Each SBUs revenues, costs, investments and strategic plans can be separated and evaluated apart from those of the parent company. SBUs operate in a variety of markets, which have differing growth rates, opportunitie s, degrees of competition and profit making potential. HSBCs business units includes, personal financial services, consumer finance, commercial banking, corporate investment banking and markets, and finally, private banking. Strategic planners within the group therefore must recognise the different performance capabilities of each business unit and carefully allocate resources or strategically implement its business objectives in order to meet the companys long term goals. They must also ensure that the business units complement each other for the greater good of the overall business. The process of strategic market planning yields a marketing strategy that is the framework for a marketing plan. A marketing plan includes the framework and entire set of activities to be performed; it is the written document or blueprint for implementing and controlling an organisations marketing activities. Thus a strategic market plan is not the same as a marketing plan; it is a plan of all aspects of an organisations strategy in the marketplace, Dibb et al. (1996). A marketing plan, in contrast, deals primarily with implementing the marketing strategy as it relates to target markets and the marketing mix, Abell and Hammond (1979). To achieve its marketing objectives, an organisation must develop a marketing strategy, or a set of marketing strategies. The set of marketing strategies that are implemented and used at the same time is referred to as the organisations marketing programme. Most marketing programmes centre on a detailed marketing mix specification and include internal controls and procedures to ensure that they are implemented effectively. Through the process of strategic market planning, an organisation can develop marketing strategies that, when properly implemented and controlled, will contribute to the achievement of its marketing objectives and its overall goals. However, Harris (2002) argues that companies operating in the financial services market, particularly the big four retail banks (HSBC, Barclays, Lloyds TSB, and the Royal Bank of Scotland (with its acquisition of Natwest), primarily rely on generic marketing strategies. To formulate a marketing strategy, the marketer identifies and anal yses the target market and develops a marketing mix to satisfy individuals in that market. Marketing strategy is best formulated when it reflects the overall direction of the organisation and is co-ordinated with all the companys functional areas. The strategic market planning process is based on an analysis of the broader marketing environment, by which it is very much affected. Marketing environment forces such as legal forces, political forces, technological forces, economic and competitive forces, societal/green forces, and regulatory forces, can place constraints on an organisation and possibly influence its overall goals; they also affect the amount and type of resources that a business can acquire, Dibb et al (2001). They also do create favourable opportunities as well, such as internet banking in which HSBC and Merrill Lynch created an online banking and investment facility, which has proved profitable for both companys as a whole, Eppendorfer et al. (2002). Marketing enviro nment variables play a part in the creation of a marketing strategy. When environment variables affect an organisations overall goals, resources, opportunities or marketing objectives, they also affect its marketing strategies, which are based on the factors mentioned previously. They impact consumers needs, desires and they affect competitors plans. Now, according to Polito (2005), branding in the classic sense is all about creating unique identities and positions for products and services, hence distinguishing the offerings from competitors. Corporate branding employs the same methodology and toolbox used in product branding, but it also elevates the approach a step further into the board room, where additional issues around stakeholder relations (shareholders, media, competitors, governments and many others) can help the corporation benefit from a strong and well-managed corporate branding strategy. Not surprisingly, a strong and comprehensive corporate branding strategy requires a high level of personal attention and commitment from the CEO and the senior management to become fully effective and meet the objectives. Corporate branding is a serious undertaking that entails more skills and activities than just an updated glossy marketing facade with empty jargon. A strong corporate branding strategy can add significant value in terms of helping the entire corporation and the management team to implement the long-term vision, create unique positions in the market place of the company and its brands, and not the least to unlock the leadership potential within the organization. Hence a corporate branding strategy can enable the corporation to further leverage on its tangible and non-tangible assets leading to branding excellence throughout the corporation, Polito (2005). HSBC as stated in the latter has in recent years acquired a vast number of companies across the globe and adopted them fully under its international corporate brand with great success and within a surprising short timeframe. A strong brand is about building and maintaining strong perceptions in the minds of customers. This takes time to establish and many resources to keep, but eventually no one remembers what the local banks used to be called, and HSBC has managed to transfer the brand equities from the acquired brands into its own corporate brand equity. There are several benefits for employing a branding strategy that a corporation can exploit. First of all, a strong corporate brand is no less or more than the face of the business strategy, portraying what the corporation aims at doing and what it wants to be known for in the market place. The corporate brand is the overall umbrella for the corporations activities and encapsulates its vision, values, personality, positioning and image among many other dimensions. Think of HSBC, which has successfully implemented a stringent corporate branding strategy. HSBC employs the same common expression throughout the globe with a simple advertising strategy based on the slogan The worlds local bank.  This creative platform enables the corporation to bridge between many cultural differences, and to portray many faces of the same strategy. Additionally, HSBCs brand name has enabled a number of key mergers and acquisitions (mentioned previously) around the globe, which has so far strengthened its market presence in the banking world, Brand Finance (2000). The Marketing Strategies of the HSBC Group 2005 Towards the end of 2003, HSBC launched Managing for Growth, a strategic plan that provides HSBC with a blueprint for growth and development during the next five years. The strategy is evolutionary, not revolutionary. It builds on HSBCs strengths and it addresses the areas where further improvement is considered both desirable and attainable. HSBC concentrates on growing earnings over the long term at a rate which will place it favourably when compared with its peer group. Also it focuses on investing in its delivery platforms, its technology, its people and its brand to support the future value of HSBC as reflected in its comparative stock market rating and total shareholder return (TSR). HSBC remains committed to benchmarking its performance by comparison with a peer group. Its core values are integral to its strategy, and communicating them to customers, shareholders and employees is deemed as intrinsic to the plan. These values comprise an emphasis on long-term, ethical client relationships; high productivity through teamwork; a confident and ambitious sense of excellence; being international in outlook and character; prudence; creativity and customer focused marketing. Under the managing for growth scheme, eight strategic imperatives were identified as the key marketing and business strategies for 2004 2008. They are: Brand: make HSBC and its hexagon symbol one of the worlds leading brands for customer experience and corporate social responsibility Personal Financial Services: drive growth in key markets and through appropriate channels to make HSBC the strongest global player in personal financial services Consumer Finance: extend the reach of this business to existing customers through a wider product range and penetrate new markets Commercial Banking: make the most of HSBCs international customer base through effective relationship management and improved product offerings in all the Groups markets Corporate, Investment Banking and Markets: accelerate growth by enhancing capital markets and advisory capabilities focused on client service in defined sectors where HSBC has critical relevance and strength Private Banking: serve the Groups highest value personal clients around the world People: attract, develop and motivate HSBCs people, rewarding success and rejecting mediocrity; and TSR: fulfil HSBCs TSR target by achieving strong competitive performances in earnings per share growth and efficiency. RESEARCH APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY EMPLOYED Research Approach The research approach will be carried out using the positivist case research approach. According to Cavaye (1996), positivist epistemology tries to understand a social setting by identifying individual components of a phenomenon and explains the phenomenon in terms of constructs and relationships between constructs. The theoretical constructs describing the phenomenon are considered to be distinct from empirical reality. Hence, empirical observations can be used to test theory. This looks at the world as external and objective. Positivism employs four major research evaluation criteria: a good research should make controlled observations, should be able to be replicated, should be generalizable and should use formal logic. Under positivism, case research findings are not statistically generalizable to a population, as the case or cases cannot be considered representative of a population, however case research can claim theoretical generalizability. This will also include comparing, contrasting and critically evaluating past and present papers, articles, journals, and established theories that have been published on the subject matter. Methodology Employed Multiple-Case Study Design This project uses the multiple case study method in order to enable analysis of data across cases and relating it to the theoretical perspectives in the available literature of marketing strategy. This enables the researcher to verify that findings are not merely the result of idiosyncrasies of research setting (Miles and Huberman, 1984). According to Yin (2002), in such a method it is important to use: multiple sources of evidence. The appropriate number of cases depends, firstly, on how much is known about the phenomenon after studying a case and secondly, on how much new information is likely to emerge from studying further cases (Eisenhardt, 1991). This paper detailed analysis about the marketing strategies employed by HSBC, in comparison to its other major competitors, namely Barclays Bank, Royal Bank of Scotland, and Citibank. Analysis of the marketing strategy of HSBC is evaluated with regard to the organisation meeting customer needs and requirements, advertising strategies and the need to increase its customer base and market share are all addressed. One wants to see if there are any matches with regard to the theoretical literature of marketing strategy and what the empirical evidence gathered says and also any mismatches. This also relates to the literature review. Qualitative Data Cavaye (1996) states that qualitative investigation refers to distilling meaning and understanding from a phenomenon and is not primarily concerned with measuring and quantification of the phenomenon. Direct and in-depth knowledge of a research setting are necessary to achieve contextual understanding. Hence, qualitative methods are associated with face-to-face contact with persons in the research setting, with verbal data (Van Mannen 1989) being gathered. Qualitative data can be collected in a number of forms. One major form of qualitative evidence is interviews, which may be recorded and later transcribed. Qualitative data are rich, full, holistic real their face validity seems unpeachable; they preserve chronological flow where that is important (Miles 1979). In spite of the abovementioned, qualitative data have weaknesses (Miles 1979; Miles and Huberman, 1984). Collecting and analysing data is time-consuming and demanding. In addition, data analysis is not easy, as qualitative data analysis methods are not well established. Recognised rules of logic can be applied to verbal data in order to make sense of the evidence and to formally analyse the data. Rubin and Rubin (1995) state that it is most desirable to disclose the identities of both the case and the individuals interviewed because, The reader is able to recall any other previous information he or she may have learned about the same case from previous research or other sources in reading and interpreting the case report. The entire case can be reviewed more readily, so that footnotes and citations can be checked, if necessary, and appropriate criticisms can be raised about the published case. Nevertheless, there are some occasions when anonymity is necessary. The most common rationale is that when the case study has been on a controversial topic, anonymity serves to protect the real case and its real participants. The second reason is that the issuance of the final case report may affect the subsequent actions of those that were studied. Quantitative Data This is concerned with measuring aspects of a market or the population of consumers making up the market. This includes soft approaches such as consumer attitudes as well as the hard things such as market size, brand shares, purchase frequencies etc. Quantitative data on a market or consumer group can be obtained through carrying out a census, obtaining the relevant measures from every single consumer or player in the market. In practice, research through a census collection is very rare; for one thing it is usually prohibitively expensive to obtain data from every individual (the government only carries out a population census once every 10 years) and even if the money is available the timescales involved are likely to be too long to meet commercial deadlines, Meier (1991). Furthermore, a census is unnecessary since the alternative; sampling can normally produce adequate and acceptably reliable data for a fraction of the cost. Quantitative research is, therefore, nearly always based on more or less rigorous sampling methods which have in common the assumption that the data from the samples can be taken to represent, within estimated levels of accuracy, the population or universe from which they are drawn, (Hague 2002). Types of Quantitative Data The range of information which can be and is collected through quantitative research is enormous if not infinite. In relation to deciding how data should be collected, all the possibilities can be categorised into a simple threefold classification: 1.Market measures 2.Customer profiles or segmentation 3.Attitudinal data. Market measures quantify and describe a market. Common examples include: market and sector size; shares of the market held by suppliers or brands; penetration levels (what proportion of all potential consumers own or buy a product); purchase and consumption frequencies; patterns of consumption and seasonality. Data of this type is very essential for any manager developing or reviewing a marketing plan for a company, product group or brand name like HSBCs hexagon logo. Market measures taken from a sample are generally projected or grossed up to the total market or population, e.g., the proportion of households in a sample found to be without a PC can be multiplied by available estimates of the number of total households to provide an indicator of untapped potential. A vital concern in the marketing of a product or service is knowing and understanding the potential customer base; what type of people or organisation are they? What other types of products or services do they own or use? What is required to meet this need is customer profiling or segmentation data and it is quantitative in nature because reliable breakdowns are needed for the whole market or population, Buck (1990). Hague (2002) argues that profiling data can take various forms: socio-demographics (age, sex, income and occupation group, education level, home tenure etc); geo-demographics; various business classifications such as company size, industry etc. for business to business research or it can relate to consumer behaviour (ownership of various products, purchase or usage levels, media exposure etc.). Unlike market measures, consumer profiling data can be collected only from consumers (including organisations in the case of business to business research) although the distribution or manufacturing levels in the market may also need profiling. Attitudinal data is used in a quite general sense to cover concepts such as awareness, perceptions, beliefs, evaluations, preferences and propensities. In other words they are, in their various forms, subjective and reside in the minds of individuals. Much market research under this is concerned with attitudes and attitude measurement because attitudes and your marketing may mould consumer choice in your favour. Attitudes are of course very much the subject of qualitative research which is often concerned to identify relevant dimensions and categories of attitudes. In quantitative research, the focus is on establishing the degree to which specific attitudes exist among the market and population. The most important tool for data collection under quantitative research is face to face interviewing. However, in situations where over a hundred firms need to be interviewed, due to the cost attached to carrying out such a task, doing a telephone interview would seem more appropriate. The methods used to record data and data analysis here, is predominantly through questionnaires. Most questionnaires used in quantitative research involve a predominance of pre-coded or closed questions and the layout of the response points can help to minimize problems of mis-recording. More problematical, however, is the recording of open-ended questions, such as why did you buy this product, then? This usually leads to a lengthy or rambling response from the individual, in which what is said is then summarized or abbreviated and there is no way of knowing whether what is recorded reasonably reflects the response given. In the case of this paper, due to the short deadline associated with writing this paper, one was only able to get a telephone interview (primary data collection method) from a senior manager of customer relationship management at one of HSBCs flagship branches in the London area. Additionally one has also used multiple sources of evidence, i.e. secondary sources of information, articles, journals, established theories, HSBCs annual report, comments by top management within the organisation are analysed and also the companys website are all used to evaluate and address the effectiveness of its use of market strategy to increase its market share and customer base. The remainder of this paper proceeds as follows, analysis of findings, overview of the marketing strategy, criticisms, summary and conclusion. ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS Central to achieving a companys corporate vision is the need to build up a loyal customer base of satisfied customers. HSBC did not overtake its major competitors by chance in acquiring foreign financial institutions; it developed a clear marketing strategy based on a desire to fully satisfy a carefully targeted set of market segments. As the BBC (2004) gathered, a quarter of HSBCs 2003 profits were made in the UK, and it made around  £70 profit per customer. Additionally, the bulk of its profits came from acquisitions elsewhere, US personal loan firm Household International and HSBC Mexico. Although Household International operates in the UK, HSBC says its British market accounts for less than 10% of this divisions profits. Market segmentation is at the core of robust marketing strategy development. This involves identifying customer needs, expectations, perceptions, and buying behaviour so as to group together homogeneous customers who will be satisfied and marketed to in a similar manner. One segment will differ from another in terms of customer profile and buying behaviour, and also with regard to the sales and marketing activity likely to satisfy these customers. Having sufficient knowledge of these customers is fundamental. It is important to remember that the process of market segmentation involves more than simply grouping customers into segments. Shrewd targeting of certain segments and the development of a clear brand positioning are part and parcel of the market segmentation process. Now, HSBC launched a marketing strategy called Managing for growth, which is to cover and deal with its strategic outlook for the period 2004 2008. From the company website, they have stated that they will deliver this by; focusing on enhancing HSBCs revenue generation culture, develop its brand name further (hexagon logo), manage costs strategically, maintain a prudent credit/market risk stance, and invest further in its people. Addition ally, acquisitions still remains an integral part of their strategy. As stated from the companys website, they will concentrate on growing earnings over the long term at a rate which will place it favourably when compared with its peer group. It will also focus on investing in its delivery platforms, its technology, its people and its brand to support